Provoked abortion
A human problem. Perspectives and strategy of prevention
Keywords:
INDUCED ABORTION, MATERNAL MORTALITY, WOMEN'S RIGHTSAbstract
Abortion in risk conditions is analyzed by five points of view: biological, sanitary, sexual and reproductive right as Human Rights, legal, and bioethic perspectives. A pragmatic approach and scientific evidence are suggested to tackle this problem. Dogmatic attitudes are argued since they impose their points of view in a democratic society like the Uruguayan. Sanitary steps against provoked abortion in risk condition to legal changes that they look to decrease death mother figures and quantity of provoked abortion.
References
1) Briozzo L, Vidiella G, Vidarte B, Ferreiro G, Pons JE, Cuadro JC. El aborto provocado en condiciones de riesgo emergente sanitario en la mortalidad materna en Uruguay: situación actual e iniciativas médicas de protección materna. Rev Med Uruguay 2002; 18(1): 4-14.
2) Sagan C, Druyan A. La cuestión del aborto: una búsqueda de respuestas entre la vida y la elección. Parade 1990 Apr. 22.
3) Lewin B. Regulación génica durante el desarrollo: gradientes y cascadas. In: Reverte. Genes IV. Barcelona: Oxford University, 1995: chap 17.
4) Coughlan MJ. From the moment of conception...': the Vatican instruction on artificial procreation techniques. Bioethics 1988; 2(4): 294-316.
5) Bedate CA, Cefalo RC. The zygote: to be or not be a person. J Med Philos 1989; 14(6): 641-5.
6) Godoy Vidal H. Aspectos sociales y morales de las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Arch Ginecol Obstet 2002; 40(1): 11-21.
7) Zimmer F. Prebleme am Anfang des Lebens. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 1968; 43: 1733.
8) Dawson K. Segmentation and moral status in vivo and in vitro: a scientist's perspective. Bioethics 1988; 2(1): 1-14.
9) World Health Organization. Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme. Abortion: a tabulation of available data on the frequency and mortality of unsafe abortion. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO, 1994: 117 p.
10) World Health Organization. Coverage of maternal Care: a Listing of Available Information. Geneve: WHO, 1997:
11) World Health Organization. Maternal Health Around the World. [Poster]. Coverage of maternal care: A listing of available information, fourth ed. Geneve: WHO, 1997.
12) Nebreda Moreno M, Avalos Triana O. El aborto como causa de mortalidad materna en tres provincias seleccionadas: años 1979-1982. Rev Cubana Adm Salud 1986; 12(3): 213-9.
13) Tang OS, Xu J, Cheng L, Lee SW, Ho PC. Pilot study on the use of sublingual misoprostol with mifepristone in termination of first trimester pregnancy up to 9 weeks gestation. Hum Reprod 2002; 17(7): 1738-40.
14) Baird DT. Medical abortion in the first trimester. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 16(2): 221-36.
15) Xu, J, Chen H, Ma T, Wu X. Termination of early pregnancy in the scarred uterus with mifepristone and misoprostol. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001; 72(3): 245-51.
16) Ngai S.W, Chan YM, Tang OS, Ho PC. Vaginal misoprostol as medical treatment for first trimester spontaneous miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2001; 16(7): 1493-6.
17) Ledingham MA, Thomson AJ, Lunan CB, Greer IA, Norman JE. A comparison of isosorbide mononitrate, misoprostol and combination therapy for first trimester pre-operative cervical ripening: a randomised controlled trial. Bjog 2001; 108(3): 276-80.
18) Knudsen UB. First trimester abortion with mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol. Contraception 2001; 63(5): 247-50.
19) Ellertson C, Waldman SN. The mifepristone-misoprostol regimen for early medical abortion. Curr Womens Health Rep 2001; 1(3): 184-0.
20) Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, Sánchez C, Barambio S, et al. Misoprostol for abortion at 9-12 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2001; 6(1): 39-45.
21) Bjorge L, Johnsen SL, Midboe G, Augestad G, Okland I, Helland H, et al. Early pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol in Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001; 80(11): 1056-61.
22) Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, Sánchez C, Barambio S, Chami S, et al. Misoprostol for abortion up to 9 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2000; 5(4): 227-33.
23) Singh K, Fong YF. Preparation of the cervix for surgical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester. Hum Reprod Update 2000; 6(5): 442-8.
24) World Health Organization. Unsafe abortion: Global and Regional estimates of incidence of and mortality due to unsafe abortion. 3rd. Ed. Geneva: WHO, 1998: 23 p.
25) World Health Organization. The United Nations Children's Fund. The United Nations Population Fund. Americas region consultation on maternal mortality estimates. Geneve: WHO, 1998: 53 p.
26) Henshaw SK, Morrow E. Induced abortion: a world review. New York: The Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1990: 120 p.
27) Pinotti JA, Faundes A. Unwanted pregnancy: challenges for health policy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1989; 3(Suppl 3): 97-102.
28) Sanseviero R. Condena, tolerancia, negación: el aborto en el Uruguay. Montevideo: Frontera, 2003: 175 p.
29) World Health Organization. Revised 1990 Estimates of Maternal Mortality: A New Approach by WHO and UNICEF. Geneva: WHO, 1996: 20 p.
30) Coeytaux FM, Leonard AH, Bloomer CM. Abortion. In: Koblinsky M, Timyan J, Gay J, ed. The Health of Women: A Global Perspective. Oxford: Westview Press, 1993.
31) Bataglia V. La Mortalidad Materna en América Latina. In: Congreso Mundial de la Federación Internacional de Ginecotocología y Obstetricia, 17 (conf FM 2.5). Santiago de Chile, 2003.
32) Singh S, Sedgh G. The relationship of abortion to trends in contraception and fertility in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. Int Fam Plan Perspect 1997; 23(1): 4-14.
33) Briozzo L, León I, Rodríguez F, Vidiella G, Ferreiro G, Pons JE. Unsafe abortion in Uruguay. Int J Obstet Gynecol 2003; SIGY S-8231. [En prensa].
34) Faundes A. Violence against women: what is the solution? in The Figo Road: From Family Planning to reproductive Health. Congreso Mundial de Ginecotocología y Obstetricia, 17, Santiago de Chile. J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 83(suppl 3): 122.
35) Leal OL, Lewgoy B. Pessoa, aborto e contracepcao. In: Leal O, org. Corpo e significado. Ensaios de Antropologia social. Porto Alegre: URFGS, 1995: 57-75.
36) United Nations General Assembly. Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Developement. New York: United Nations, 1994.
37) Federación Internacional de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Recomendaciones relativas al aborto provocado por razones no médicas. In: Recomendaciones sobre temas de Ética en Obstetricia y Ginecología hechas por el Comité para los aspectos Éticos de la reproducción humana y la salud de la mujer de la FIGO. Londres: FIGO, 2003: 223-4.
38) Singh K, Ratnam SS. The influence of abortion legislation on maternal mortality. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998; 63 (Suppl 1): S123-9.
39) Sadik N. The State of World Population. New York: FNUAP, 1997.
40) Van Look PF, Cottingham JC. Unsafe abortion: an avoidable tragedy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 16(2): 205-20.
41) Hord C, David HP, Donnay F, Wolf M. Reproductive health in Romania: reversing the Ceausescu legacy. Stud Fam Plann 1991; 22(4): 231-40.
42) Family Care International. Meeting the Cairo Challenge: Progress in sexual and Reproductive Health. Implementing the ICPD Programme of Action. New York: FCI, 1999: 38.
43) Benagiano G, Pera A. Decreasing the need for abortion: challenges and constraints. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000; 70(1): 35-48.
44) Henshaw S. Abortion laws and practice worldwide. In: Abortion Matters - Proceedings of the International Conference on Reducing the Need and Improving the Quality of Abortion Services. Uttrecht, Netherlands, 1997.
45) Aviles LA, Azize-Vargas Y. Abortion in Puerto Rico: the limits of colonial legality. Reprod Health Matters 1997; 9: 56-65.
46) Langon Cuñarro M. El proyecto Uruguayo sobre la interrupción voluntaria de la gravidez del año 1979. La Justicia Uruguaya 1979: T91.
47) Gros Espiell H. La Convención Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la Interrupción del Embarazo. Revista Jurídica del CED 1996; 11: 2.
48) Blengio Valdez M. Aborto. Tribuna del Abogado. (Montevideo) 2002: 11-5.
49) Gros Espiell H. El proyecto de Ley de despenalización del aborto. Montevideo: Patria, 2002: 7.
50) Rotondo MT. Análisis ético del tema: iniciativas sanitarias contra el aborto provocado en condiciones de riesgo. Montevideo: SMU, 2002. http://www.smu.org.uy/gremiales/documentos/analisisbioeticoaborto.htm [Consulta: 10/1/2003].
51) Villarreal J. Editorial. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 1998; 49(1): 5-9.
52) Beauchamps TL, Childress J. Principles of biomedical ethics. New York: O.U. Press, 1979.
53) Francisco Abel SJ. Bioética: un nuevo concepto y una nueva responsabilidad. In: ¿Qué es bioética?: lecturas escogidas. C.N.d. Bioética. Bogotá: Universidad Javeriana, 1993: 19.
54) Bayles M. Obligations between professionals and clients. In: Johnson D. Ethical issucs in engineering, Englewood: Cliffs NJ. Prentice-Hall, 1991: 305-16.
55) Grobstein C. Science and the unborn: choosing Human Futures. Reaching decisions on status for the unborn. New York: Basic Books, 1988: 132-56.
56) Organización Mundial de la Salud, Villarreal Mejía I, Mora Tellez M. Embarazo indesado y aborto. Determinantes de la interrupción del embarazo no deseado y características de las mujeres que abortan. 2ª ed. Bogotá: Presencia, 1993.
57) Rotondo MT. El Cuerpo en Psicoanálisis. In: Diálogos con la biología y la cultura. Congreso Uruguayo de Psicoanálisis, 2; Jornadas Científicas, 12. Montevideo: Asociación Psicoanalítica del Uruguay, 2002: 321-8.
58) Chervenak FA, McCullough LB. Does obstetric ethics have any role in the obstetrician's response to the abortion controversy? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163(5 Pt 1): 1425-9.
59) International Planned Parenthood Federation. Unsafe abortion and postabortion family planning in Africa. The Mauritius Conference. Nairobi: IPPF/A. 1994: 38. Ghana I PAS Africa Reports 1995: 3.
60) Briozzo L. Iniciativas sanitarias contra el aborto provocado en condiciones de riesgo. Montevideo: SMU, 2002 139 p:
61) Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Fernández C. The use of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy. Contraception 1997; 55(3): 165-8.
62) Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Barambio S, Chami S. Vaginal misoprostol 600 microg for early abortion. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2000; 5(1): 46-51.
63) Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sánchez C. Vaginal misoprostol for abortion at 10-13 weeks' gestation. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1999; 4(1): 35-40.
64) Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Rodríguez Y, Tanda R, Sánchez C, Barambio S, et al. Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming in first-trimester abortion: a randomized trial. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2001; 6(3): 134-40.
65) Gynuity Health Projects, Reproductive Health Technologies Project. Consensus Statement: Instructions for Use - Abortion Induction with Misoprostol in Pregnancies up to 9 Weeks LMP. Expert Meeting on Misoprostol sponsored by Reproductive Health Technologies Project and Gynuity Health Projects. Washington, July 28, 2003. www.gynuity.org. [Consulta: 24/10/2003].
2) Sagan C, Druyan A. La cuestión del aborto: una búsqueda de respuestas entre la vida y la elección. Parade 1990 Apr. 22.
3) Lewin B. Regulación génica durante el desarrollo: gradientes y cascadas. In: Reverte. Genes IV. Barcelona: Oxford University, 1995: chap 17.
4) Coughlan MJ. From the moment of conception...': the Vatican instruction on artificial procreation techniques. Bioethics 1988; 2(4): 294-316.
5) Bedate CA, Cefalo RC. The zygote: to be or not be a person. J Med Philos 1989; 14(6): 641-5.
6) Godoy Vidal H. Aspectos sociales y morales de las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Arch Ginecol Obstet 2002; 40(1): 11-21.
7) Zimmer F. Prebleme am Anfang des Lebens. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 1968; 43: 1733.
8) Dawson K. Segmentation and moral status in vivo and in vitro: a scientist's perspective. Bioethics 1988; 2(1): 1-14.
9) World Health Organization. Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme. Abortion: a tabulation of available data on the frequency and mortality of unsafe abortion. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO, 1994: 117 p.
10) World Health Organization. Coverage of maternal Care: a Listing of Available Information. Geneve: WHO, 1997:
11) World Health Organization. Maternal Health Around the World. [Poster]. Coverage of maternal care: A listing of available information, fourth ed. Geneve: WHO, 1997.
12) Nebreda Moreno M, Avalos Triana O. El aborto como causa de mortalidad materna en tres provincias seleccionadas: años 1979-1982. Rev Cubana Adm Salud 1986; 12(3): 213-9.
13) Tang OS, Xu J, Cheng L, Lee SW, Ho PC. Pilot study on the use of sublingual misoprostol with mifepristone in termination of first trimester pregnancy up to 9 weeks gestation. Hum Reprod 2002; 17(7): 1738-40.
14) Baird DT. Medical abortion in the first trimester. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 16(2): 221-36.
15) Xu, J, Chen H, Ma T, Wu X. Termination of early pregnancy in the scarred uterus with mifepristone and misoprostol. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001; 72(3): 245-51.
16) Ngai S.W, Chan YM, Tang OS, Ho PC. Vaginal misoprostol as medical treatment for first trimester spontaneous miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2001; 16(7): 1493-6.
17) Ledingham MA, Thomson AJ, Lunan CB, Greer IA, Norman JE. A comparison of isosorbide mononitrate, misoprostol and combination therapy for first trimester pre-operative cervical ripening: a randomised controlled trial. Bjog 2001; 108(3): 276-80.
18) Knudsen UB. First trimester abortion with mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol. Contraception 2001; 63(5): 247-50.
19) Ellertson C, Waldman SN. The mifepristone-misoprostol regimen for early medical abortion. Curr Womens Health Rep 2001; 1(3): 184-0.
20) Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, Sánchez C, Barambio S, et al. Misoprostol for abortion at 9-12 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2001; 6(1): 39-45.
21) Bjorge L, Johnsen SL, Midboe G, Augestad G, Okland I, Helland H, et al. Early pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol in Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001; 80(11): 1056-61.
22) Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, Sánchez C, Barambio S, Chami S, et al. Misoprostol for abortion up to 9 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2000; 5(4): 227-33.
23) Singh K, Fong YF. Preparation of the cervix for surgical termination of pregnancy in the first trimester. Hum Reprod Update 2000; 6(5): 442-8.
24) World Health Organization. Unsafe abortion: Global and Regional estimates of incidence of and mortality due to unsafe abortion. 3rd. Ed. Geneva: WHO, 1998: 23 p.
25) World Health Organization. The United Nations Children's Fund. The United Nations Population Fund. Americas region consultation on maternal mortality estimates. Geneve: WHO, 1998: 53 p.
26) Henshaw SK, Morrow E. Induced abortion: a world review. New York: The Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1990: 120 p.
27) Pinotti JA, Faundes A. Unwanted pregnancy: challenges for health policy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1989; 3(Suppl 3): 97-102.
28) Sanseviero R. Condena, tolerancia, negación: el aborto en el Uruguay. Montevideo: Frontera, 2003: 175 p.
29) World Health Organization. Revised 1990 Estimates of Maternal Mortality: A New Approach by WHO and UNICEF. Geneva: WHO, 1996: 20 p.
30) Coeytaux FM, Leonard AH, Bloomer CM. Abortion. In: Koblinsky M, Timyan J, Gay J, ed. The Health of Women: A Global Perspective. Oxford: Westview Press, 1993.
31) Bataglia V. La Mortalidad Materna en América Latina. In: Congreso Mundial de la Federación Internacional de Ginecotocología y Obstetricia, 17 (conf FM 2.5). Santiago de Chile, 2003.
32) Singh S, Sedgh G. The relationship of abortion to trends in contraception and fertility in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. Int Fam Plan Perspect 1997; 23(1): 4-14.
33) Briozzo L, León I, Rodríguez F, Vidiella G, Ferreiro G, Pons JE. Unsafe abortion in Uruguay. Int J Obstet Gynecol 2003; SIGY S-8231. [En prensa].
34) Faundes A. Violence against women: what is the solution? in The Figo Road: From Family Planning to reproductive Health. Congreso Mundial de Ginecotocología y Obstetricia, 17, Santiago de Chile. J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 83(suppl 3): 122.
35) Leal OL, Lewgoy B. Pessoa, aborto e contracepcao. In: Leal O, org. Corpo e significado. Ensaios de Antropologia social. Porto Alegre: URFGS, 1995: 57-75.
36) United Nations General Assembly. Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Developement. New York: United Nations, 1994.
37) Federación Internacional de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Recomendaciones relativas al aborto provocado por razones no médicas. In: Recomendaciones sobre temas de Ética en Obstetricia y Ginecología hechas por el Comité para los aspectos Éticos de la reproducción humana y la salud de la mujer de la FIGO. Londres: FIGO, 2003: 223-4.
38) Singh K, Ratnam SS. The influence of abortion legislation on maternal mortality. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998; 63 (Suppl 1): S123-9.
39) Sadik N. The State of World Population. New York: FNUAP, 1997.
40) Van Look PF, Cottingham JC. Unsafe abortion: an avoidable tragedy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 16(2): 205-20.
41) Hord C, David HP, Donnay F, Wolf M. Reproductive health in Romania: reversing the Ceausescu legacy. Stud Fam Plann 1991; 22(4): 231-40.
42) Family Care International. Meeting the Cairo Challenge: Progress in sexual and Reproductive Health. Implementing the ICPD Programme of Action. New York: FCI, 1999: 38.
43) Benagiano G, Pera A. Decreasing the need for abortion: challenges and constraints. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000; 70(1): 35-48.
44) Henshaw S. Abortion laws and practice worldwide. In: Abortion Matters - Proceedings of the International Conference on Reducing the Need and Improving the Quality of Abortion Services. Uttrecht, Netherlands, 1997.
45) Aviles LA, Azize-Vargas Y. Abortion in Puerto Rico: the limits of colonial legality. Reprod Health Matters 1997; 9: 56-65.
46) Langon Cuñarro M. El proyecto Uruguayo sobre la interrupción voluntaria de la gravidez del año 1979. La Justicia Uruguaya 1979: T91.
47) Gros Espiell H. La Convención Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la Interrupción del Embarazo. Revista Jurídica del CED 1996; 11: 2.
48) Blengio Valdez M. Aborto. Tribuna del Abogado. (Montevideo) 2002: 11-5.
49) Gros Espiell H. El proyecto de Ley de despenalización del aborto. Montevideo: Patria, 2002: 7.
50) Rotondo MT. Análisis ético del tema: iniciativas sanitarias contra el aborto provocado en condiciones de riesgo. Montevideo: SMU, 2002. http://www.smu.org.uy/gremiales/documentos/analisisbioeticoaborto.htm [Consulta: 10/1/2003].
51) Villarreal J. Editorial. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 1998; 49(1): 5-9.
52) Beauchamps TL, Childress J. Principles of biomedical ethics. New York: O.U. Press, 1979.
53) Francisco Abel SJ. Bioética: un nuevo concepto y una nueva responsabilidad. In: ¿Qué es bioética?: lecturas escogidas. C.N.d. Bioética. Bogotá: Universidad Javeriana, 1993: 19.
54) Bayles M. Obligations between professionals and clients. In: Johnson D. Ethical issucs in engineering, Englewood: Cliffs NJ. Prentice-Hall, 1991: 305-16.
55) Grobstein C. Science and the unborn: choosing Human Futures. Reaching decisions on status for the unborn. New York: Basic Books, 1988: 132-56.
56) Organización Mundial de la Salud, Villarreal Mejía I, Mora Tellez M. Embarazo indesado y aborto. Determinantes de la interrupción del embarazo no deseado y características de las mujeres que abortan. 2ª ed. Bogotá: Presencia, 1993.
57) Rotondo MT. El Cuerpo en Psicoanálisis. In: Diálogos con la biología y la cultura. Congreso Uruguayo de Psicoanálisis, 2; Jornadas Científicas, 12. Montevideo: Asociación Psicoanalítica del Uruguay, 2002: 321-8.
58) Chervenak FA, McCullough LB. Does obstetric ethics have any role in the obstetrician's response to the abortion controversy? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163(5 Pt 1): 1425-9.
59) International Planned Parenthood Federation. Unsafe abortion and postabortion family planning in Africa. The Mauritius Conference. Nairobi: IPPF/A. 1994: 38. Ghana I PAS Africa Reports 1995: 3.
60) Briozzo L. Iniciativas sanitarias contra el aborto provocado en condiciones de riesgo. Montevideo: SMU, 2002 139 p:
61) Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Fernández C. The use of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy. Contraception 1997; 55(3): 165-8.
62) Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Barambio S, Chami S. Vaginal misoprostol 600 microg for early abortion. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2000; 5(1): 46-51.
63) Carbonell JL, Varela L, Velazco A, Tanda R, Sánchez C. Vaginal misoprostol for abortion at 10-13 weeks' gestation. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1999; 4(1): 35-40.
64) Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Rodríguez Y, Tanda R, Sánchez C, Barambio S, et al. Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming in first-trimester abortion: a randomized trial. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2001; 6(3): 134-40.
65) Gynuity Health Projects, Reproductive Health Technologies Project. Consensus Statement: Instructions for Use - Abortion Induction with Misoprostol in Pregnancies up to 9 Weeks LMP. Expert Meeting on Misoprostol sponsored by Reproductive Health Technologies Project and Gynuity Health Projects. Washington, July 28, 2003. www.gynuity.org. [Consulta: 24/10/2003].
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2003-12-31
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1.
Briozzo L. Provoked abortion: A human problem. Perspectives and strategy of prevention. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 2003 Dec. 31 [cited 2024 Nov. 24];19(3):188-200. Available from: https://revista.rmu.org.uy/index.php/rmu/article/view/850
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