IgA Nephropathy in Uruguay:
Clinical presentation and evolution
Keywords:
IGA GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, URUGUAYAbstract
IgA nephropathy is a frequent condition in Uruguay and treating it is controversial.
Objective: to analyse incidence, clinical presentation, histology, treatment and evolution of nephropathy in Uruguay.
Method: we conducted a retrospective study of data kept at the Uruguayan Registry of Glomerulopathies and medical records under strict confidentiality. Age, sex, date of the kidney biopsy, clinical presentation, blood pressure, proteinuria, hematuria and creatininemia (initial and in the last evolution recorded), histology, treatment and evolution were registered. Single-variate and multivariate statistic analysis were applied. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Clínicas University Hospital.
Results: Three hundred and forty one patients with IgA nephropathy – confirmed with histopathology analysis - were studied. Sixty five per cent were men, average age was 31 ± 13 year old and follow-up median 52 months (1-271); 14% started with dialysis and 1.2% died. The most common clinical presentation was asymptomatic urinary alterations (42%), (and this was more evident in the 2000-2009 period, chi2 p < 0.05). At the beginning, proteinuria was 1.7 ± 1.9 g/l; creatininemia 1.6 ± 1.8 mg/dl, and blood pressure was PA ≥ 140/90 mmHg in 32% of patients. Crescent formations were observed in 48%. Fifty six per cent of them received angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) / angiotensin receptor blockers and 52% of patients received immunosuppressants. Blood pressure significantly dropped in the evolution. In the single-variate analysis, initial creatininemia was ≥ 2.5 mg/dl, proteinuria, crescent formations and endocapillary proliferation were associated to starting dialysis or death, although in the multivariate analysis (Cox regression) only the level of creatininemia was significant.
Conclusions: the clinical presentation of IgA nephropathy has changed in the past decade, being the asymtomatic urinary alterations the most frequent. Creatininemia ≥ 2.5 mg/dl is associated to a worse renal survival, probably the “point of no return”.
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