Resultados obstétricos y perinatales de la enfermedad materna por COVID-19: Estudio de casos y controles

Cecilia Santos; Danilo Magallanes; Melina Rubiños; Álvaro Danza

doi:10.29193/RMU.39.3.4

Authors

Cecilia Santos Asociación Española Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia
Danilo Magallanes Asociación Española Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Departamento Clínico de Medicina
Melina Rubiños Asociación Española Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Departamento Clínico de Medicina
Álvaro Danza Universidad de la República, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Pasteur, Clínica Médica 2

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29193/RMU.39.3.4

Keywords:

COVID-19, PREGNANCY, INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, NEWBORN

Abstract

Introduction: Viral infections during pregnancy can lead to maternal and fetal complications. It is important to describe the maternal and fetal implications of COVID-19 disease.
Objetives: To describe and analyze the characteristics of patients who experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection during gestation, and maternal and fetal outcomes.
Method: A case-control study was conducted. All pregnant patients who presented SARS-CoV-2 infection and were hospitalized in a private healthcare institution (cases) during the period 1/03/2021 – 31/07/2021 were included in the study. Controls were selected from pregnant patients who were admitted during the same time but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Two controls were included for each case. The maternal variables considered were preterm labor, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, (severe or non-severe) preeclampsia, fetal death, fetal growth restriction, placental abruption. The neonatal variables considered were vital status, newborn weight, one-minute and five-minute Apgar scores, need for admission to a specialized neonatal care unit, and length of stay in days. COVID-19 tests for the newborn and their condition at discharge were recorded.
Results: Maternal demographic characteristics were comparable in both groups. Twenty-one (55%) obstetric complications were observed in the case group, and 117 (44.7%) in the control group; OR= 4.2 (95% CI: 1.9-9.7). Twenty-one (30.8%) neonatal complications were observed in the case group, and 3 (3.8%) in the control group; OR= 11.2 (95% CI: 2.9-42.9). The case group was associated with a lower likelihood of being vaccinated; OR = 0.3 (95% CI: 0.13-0.75).
Conclusions: We report an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Vaccination proves to be a valuable tool against this viral infection.

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