Prevalencia de déficit de vitamina B12 en sangre periférica de madres cursando el puerperio inmediato en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29193/RMU.39.4.4

Palabras clave:

VITAMINA B12, DEFICIENCIA DE VITAMINA B12, PUERPERIO

Resumen

Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia del déficit de vitamina B12 en mujeres cursando puerperio inmediato.
Material y método: estudio observacional descriptivo de captación prospectiva de la cohorte en estudio. Muestra de 133 mujeres cursando el tercer trimestre de embarazo en la maternidad del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR), Montevideo, Uruguay, entre setiembre de 2021 y octubre de 2022. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre materna en el puerperio inmediato por punción venosa periférica. Estas muestras fueron procesadas mediante inmunoensayo de electroquimioluminiscencia. Además, se aplicó una entrevista para la evaluación de los hábitos nutricionales.
Resultados: todas las pacientes reportaron tener una dieta omnívora, excepto una, que manifestó llevar una dieta vegana y recibía suplementación diaria de vitamina B12. El 75,9% de la muestra del estudio presentó un nivel socioeconómico bajo, puntuado según el cuestionario de medición de nivel socioeconómico del INSE (Índice de nivel socioeconómico, 2018 - Cámara de Empresas de Investigación Social y Mercado del Uruguay, CEISMU). Se registró una prevalencia de déficit de vitamina B12 de 39,10% (n: 52).
Conclusiones: a pesar de que esta muestra de embarazadas presenta una dieta omnívora, se detectó una elevada prevalencia de déficit de vitamina B12. Dada la importancia de esta vitamina en la salud materna, fetal y neonatal, se deberían considerar políticas de salud pública de prevención de la deficiencia tanto en embarazadas como en madres lactantes.

Citas

Langan RC, Goodbred AJ. Vitamin B12 deficiency: recognition and management. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96(6):384-9.

Robertson JA, Gallagher ND. Increased intestinal uptake of cobalamin in pregnancy does not require synthesis of new receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1983; 757(2):145-50. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(83)90101-0.

Hellegers A, Okuda K, Nesbitt Re, Smith DW, Chow Bf. Vitamin B12 absorption in pregnancy and in the newborn. Am J Clin Nutr 1957; 5(3):327–31. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/5.3.327.

Brown J, Robertson J, Gallagher N. Humoral regulation of vitamin B12 absorption by pregnant mouse small intestine. Gastroenterology 1977; 72(5 Pt 1):881-8.

Bartels PC, Helleman PW, Soons JB. Investigation of red cell size-distribution histograms related to folate, vitamin B12 and iron state in the course of pregnancy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1989; 49(8):763-71. doi: 10.3109/00365518909091555.

Fernandez-Costa F, Metz J. Levels of transcobalamins I, II, and III during pregnancy and in cord blood. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35(1):87-94. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/35.1.87.

Giugliani ER, Jorge SM, Gonçalves AL. Serum vitamin B12 levels in parturients, in the intervillous space of the placenta and in full-term newborns and their interrelationships with folate levels. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41(2):330-5. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/41.2.330.

Fréry N, Huel G, Leroy M, Moreau T, Savard R, Blot P, et al. Vitamin B12 among parturients and their newborns and its relationship with birthweight. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992; 45(3):155-63. doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(92)90076-b.

Economides DL, Ferguson J, Mackenzie IZ, Darley J, Ware II, Holmes‐Siedle M. Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in maternal and fetal blood, and amniotic fluid in second trimester pregnancies complicated by neural tube defects. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 99(1):23-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb14386.x.

Morkbak AL, Hvas AM, Milman N, Nexo E. Holotranscobalamin remains unchanged during pregnancy. Longitudinal changes of cobalamins and their binding proteins during pregnancy and postpartum. Haematologica 2007; 92(12):1711-2. doi: 10.3324/haematol.11636.

Milman N, Byg KE, Bergholt T, Eriksen L, Hvas AM. Cobalamin status during normal pregnancy and postpartum: a longitudinal study comprising 406 Danish women. Eur J Haematol 2006; 76(6):521-5. doi: 10.1111/j.0902-4441.2006.t01-1-EJH2550.x.

Obeid R, Murphy M, Solé-Navais P, Yajnik C. Cobalamin status from pregnancy to early childhood: lessons from global experience. Adv Nutr 2017; 8(6):971-9. doi: 10.3945/an.117.015628.

Batalha MA, Ferreira AL, Freitas-Costa NC, Figueiredo AC, Carrilho TR, Shahab-Ferdows S, et al. Factors associated with longitudinal changes in B-vitamin and choline concentrations of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114(4):1560-73. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab191.

Sklar R. Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in a breast-fed infant of a vegan-diet mother. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1986; 25(4):219-21. doi: 10.1177/000992288602500409.

Specker BL, Black A, Allen L, Morrow F. Vitamin B-12: low milk concentrations are related to low serum concentrations in vegetarian women and to methylmalonic aciduria in their infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 52(6):1073-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/52.6.1073.

Dagnelie PC, van Staveren WA, Roos AH, Tuinstra LG, Burema J. Nutrients and contaminants in human milk from mothers on macrobiotic and omnivorous diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46(5):355-66.

Davis JR, Goldenring J, Lubin BH. Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in infants. Am J Dis Child 1981; 135(6):566-7. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130300064021.

Obeid R, Eussen SJ, Mommers M, Smits L, Thijs C. Imbalanced folate and vitamin b12 in the third trimester of pregnancy and its association with birthweight and child growth up to 2 years. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66(2):e2100662. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202100662.

Gu Q, Li Y, Cui ZL, Luo XP. Homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and B6 in mothers of children with neural tube defects in Xinjiang, China. Acta Paediatr 2012; 101(11): e486-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02795.x.

Finkelstein JL, Layden AJ, Stover PJ. Vitamin B-12 and perinatal health. Adv Nutr 2015; 6(5):552-63. doi: 10.3945/an.115.008201.

Rashid S, Meier V, Patrick H. Review of vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy: a diagnosis not to miss as veganism and vegetarianism become more prevalent. Eur J Haematol 2021; 106(4):450-5. doi: 10.1111/ejh.13571.

de Benoist B. Conclusions of a WHO Technical Consultation on folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Food Nutr Bull 2008; 29(2 Suppl): S238-44. doi: 10.1177/15648265080292S129.

Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Martínez-Torres J, Meneses-Echávez JF, Lobelo F. Vitamin B12 concentrations in pregnant Colombian women: analysis of nationwide data 2010. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:26. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0820-4.

Allen LH. How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(2):693S-396S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26947A.

McLean E, de Benoist B, Allen LH. Review of the magnitude of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies worldwide. Food Nutr Bull 2008; 29(2 Suppl):S38-S51. doi: 10.1177/15648265080292S107.

Allen LH, Rosenberg IH, Oakley GP, Omenn GS. Considering the case for vitamin B12 fortification of flour. Food Nutr Bull 2010; 31(1 Suppl):S36-S46. doi: 10.1177/15648265100311S104.

Allen LH. Folate and vitamin B12 status in the Americas. Nutr Rev 2004; 62(6 Pt 2):S29-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00069.x.

Siekmann JH, Allen LH, Bwibo NO, Demment MW, Murphy SP, Neumann CG. Kenyan school children have multiple micronutrient deficiencies, but increased plasma vitamin B-12 is the only detectable micronutrient response to meat or milk supplementation. J Nutr 2003; 133(11 Suppl 2): 3972S-3980S. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3972S.

McLean ED, Allen LH, Neumann CG, Peerson JM, Siekmann JH, Murphy SP, et al. Low plasma vitamin B-12 in Kenyan school children is highly prevalent and improved by supplemental animal source foods. J Nutr 2007; 137(3):676-82. doi: 10.1093/jn/137.3.676.

Refsum H, Yajnik CS, Gadkari M, Schneede J, Vollset SE, Orning L, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated methylmalonic acid indicate a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in Asian Indians. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74(2):233-41. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/74.2.233.

Taneja S, Bhandari N, Strand TA, Sommerfelt H, Refsum H, Ueland PM, et al. Cobalamin and folate status in infants and young children in a low-to-middle income community in India. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86(5):1302-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1302.

Department of Health. Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Vitamin B12 deficiency: management during pregnancy. Canberra, 2021. Disponible en: https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/HSPs/NMHS/Hospitals/WNHS/Documents/Clinical-guidelines/Obs-Gyn-Guidelines/Vitamin-B12-Deficiency-Management.pdf?thn=0 (Consulta: 24 setiembre 2022).

Descargas

Publicado

2023-12-18

Cómo citar

1.
Sobrero H, Castedo F, Ceriani F, Cavalleri F, De Los Santos J, Sosa C, et al. Prevalencia de déficit de vitamina B12 en sangre periférica de madres cursando el puerperio inmediato en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 18 de diciembre de 2023 [citado 21 de diciembre de 2024];39(4):e204. Disponible en: https://revista.rmu.org.uy/index.php/rmu/article/view/1061

Número

Sección

Artículos originales

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 > >>