Rickettsia genuss as a zoonosis agent in the South American Southern Cone
Keywords:
RICKETTSIA, ZOONOSESAbstract
Rickettsiosis are zoonosis caused by bacterias of the Rickettsia species that are classified into two groups: that of the spotted fever and typhic fever. Spotted fever is mainly transmitted by ticks, although sometimes they are transmitted by fleas and mites.
In the typhic fevers primary vectors are the human body louse and the Xenopspylla cheopis flea. Until the end of the 20th century the only Rickettsiosis known in SouthAmerica were Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia (typhic fevers) and Rickettsia Rickettsii (spotted fevers). But in the last decade, by using modern diagnostic techniques, several rickettsias species or strains have been identified in South America, six Rickettsia species and at least four Rickettsia sp. in the South American Southern Cone in ticks and one in fleas. Four of these Rickettsia species: R. rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia massiliae and Rickettsia felis and one Rickettsia sp strain (Atlantic Rainforest strain) are recognized as pathogenic for humans. In this study we describe the clinical cases caused by the three main Rickettsia sp that have epidemiologic importance in the South American Southern Cone: R. rickettsii, R. parkeri and R. massiliae. Information in this study comprises Argentina, the southern half of Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Paraguay is not included since there no rickettsia studies were performed.
References
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(6) Azad AF, Radulovic S, Higgins JA, Noden BH, Troyer MJ. Flea-borne rickettsiosis: ecologic considerations. Emerg Infect Dis 1997; 3(3): 319-27.
(7) Paddock CD, Eremeeva ME. Rickettsialpox. In: Raoult D, Parola P, eds. Rickettsial diseases. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2007: 63-86.
(8) Parola P, Raoult D. Tropical rickettsioses. Clin Dermatol 2006; 24(3): 191-200.
(9) Labruna MB. Ecology of Rickettsia in South America. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009; 1166: 156-66.
(10) García-García JC, Portillo A, Núñez MJ, Santibáñez S, Castro B, Oteo JA. A patient from Argentina infected with Rickettsia massiliae. Am J Trop Hyg 2010; 82(4): 691-2.
(11) Venzal JM, Pérez-Martínez L, Félix ML, Portillo A, Blanco JR, Oteo JA. Prevalence of Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis from Uruguay. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006; 1078: 305-8.
(12) Labruna MB, Ogrzewalska M, Moraes-Filho J, Lepe P, Gallegos JL, López J. Rickettsia felis in Chile. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(11): 1794-5.
(13) Nava S, Pérez-Martínez L, Venzal JM, Portillo A, Santibáñez S, Oteo JA. Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides felis from Argentina. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8(4): 465-6.
(14) Oliveira RP, Galvao MA, Mafra CL, Chamone CB, Calic SB, Silva SU, et al. Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides spp. fleas, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8(3): 317-9.
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(16) Spolidorio MG, Labruna MB, Mantovani E, Brandao PE, Richtzenhain LJ, Yoshinari NH. Novel spotted fever group rickettsiosis, Brazil. Emerg Inf Dis 2010; 16(3): 521-3.
(17) Moraes-Filho J, Marcili A, Nieri-Bastos FA, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. Genetic analysis of ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group in Latin America. Acta Trop 2010; 117(1): 51-5.
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(19) Parola P, Labruna MB, Raoult D. Tick-borne rickettsioses in America: unanswered questions and emerging diseases. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2009; 11(1): 40-50.
(20) Hidalgo M, Orejuela L, Fuya P, Carrillo P, Hernández J, Parra E, et al. Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(7): 1058-60.
(21) Paddock CD, Fernández S, Echenique GA, Sumner JW, Reeves WK, Zaki SR, et al. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78(4): 687-92.
(22) Chen LF, Sexton DJ. What's new in Rocky Mountain spotted fever? Infect Dis Clin North Am 2008; 22(3): 415-32.
(23) Díaz JS, Cataño JC. Fiebre manchada de las montañas rocosas: ni tan manchada ni tan montañosa como pensábamos. Infection 2010; 14(4): 264-76.
(24) Crocquet-Valdés PA, Díaz-Montero CM, Feng HM, Li H, Barrett AD, Walker DH. Immunization with a portion of rickettsial outer membrane protein A stimulates protective immunity against spotted fever rickettsiosis. Vaccine 2001; 20(5-6): 979-88.
(25) Heinzen RA. Rickettsial actin-based motility: behavior and involvement of cytoskeletal regulators. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 990: 535-47.
(26) Valbuena G. Fiebres que no deberían matar. Biomedica 2007; 27(3): 321-4.
(27) Kaplan JE, Schonberger LB. The sensitivity of various serologic tests in the diagnosisof Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1986; 35(4): 840-4.
(28) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF). Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf. Consulta: 15 abril 2011.
(29) Paddock CD, Sumner JW, Comer JA, Zaki SR, Goldsmith CS, Goddard J, et al. Rickettsia parkeri: a newly recognized cause of spotted fever rickettsiosis in the United States. Clin Infec Dis 2004; 38(6): 805-11.
(30) Parker RR, Kohls GM, Cox GW, Davis GE. Observations on an infectious agent from Amblyomma maculatum. Public Health Rep 1939; 54: 1482-4.
(31) Parker RR. A pathogenic rickettsia from the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. Proc Third Int Congress Microbiol New York; 1940: 390-1.
(32) Lackman DB, Bell EJ, Stoenner HG, Pickens EG. The Rocky Mountain spotted fever group of rickettsias. Health Lab Sci 1965; 2: 135-41.
(33) Sumner JW, Durden LA, Goddard J, Stromdahl EY, Clark K, Reeves WK, et al. Gulf coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) and Rickettsia parkeri, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(5): 751-3.
(34) Nava S, Elshenawy Y, Eremeeva ME, Sumner JW, Mastropaolo M, Paddock CD. Rickettsia parkeri in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14(12): 1894-7.
(35) Silveira I, Pacheco RC, Szabó MPJ, Ramos HGC, Labruna MB. Rickettsia parkeri in Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(7): 1111-3.
(36) Venzal JM, Portillo A, Estrada-Peña A, Castro O, Cabrera PA, Oteo JA. Rickettsia parkeri in Amblyomma triste from Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10(8): 1493-5.
(37) Pacheco RC, Venzal JM, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. Rickettsia parkeri in Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12(11): 1804-5.
(38) Seijo A, Picollo M, Nicholson W, Paddock C. Fiebre manchada por rickettsias en el Delta del Paraná: una enfermedad emergente. Medicina (Buenos Aires) 2007; 67(6): 723-6.
(39) Conti-Díaz IA, Moraes-Filho J, Pacheco RC, Labruna, MB. Serological evidence of Rickettsia parkeri as etiological agent of rickettsiosis in Uruguay. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2009; 51(6): 337-9.
(40) Conti-Díaz IA, Rubio I, Somma Moreira RE, Pérez Bórmida G. Rickettsiosis cutáneo ganglionar por Rickettsia conorii en el Uruguay. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1990; 32(5): 313-8.
(41) Conti-Díaz IA. Rickettsiosis por Rickettsia conorii (fiebre botonosa del Mediterráneo o fiebre de Marsella): estado actual en Uruguay. Rev Méd Urug 2001; 17(2): 119-24.
(42) Venzal JM, Estrada-Peña A, Castro O, de Souza CG, Félix M, Nava S, et al. Amblyomma triste Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae): hosts and seasonality of the vector of Rickettsia parkeri in Uruguay. Vet Parasitol 2008; 155(1-2): 104-9.
(43) Nava S, Mangold AJ, Mastropaolo M, Venzal JM, Fracassi N, Guglielmone AA. Seasonal dynamics and hosts of Amblyomma triste (Acari: Ixodidae) in Argentina. Vet Parasitol 2011 [en prensa].
(44) Matsumoto K, Ogawa M, Brouqui P, Raoult D, Parola P. Transmission of Rickettsia massiliae in the tick, Rhipicephalus turanicus. Med Vet Entomol 2005; 19(3): 263-70.
(45) Vitale G, Mansuelo S, Rolain JM, Raoult D. Rickettsia massiliae human isolation. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12(1): 174-5.
(46) Cicuttin GL, Rodríguez Vargas M, Jado I, Anda, P. Primera detección de Rickettsia massiliae en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: resultados preliminares. Rev Argent Zoonosis 2004; 1: 8-10.
(47) Labruna MB, Pacheco RC, Nava S, Brandao PE, Richtzenhain LJ, Guglielmone AA. Infection by Rickettsia bellii and "Rickettsia amblyommii" in Amblyomma neumanni ticks from Argentina. Microb Ecol 2007; 54(1): 126-33.
(48) Tomassone L, Núñez P, Ceballos LA, Gürtler RE, Kitron U, Farber M. Detection of "Candidatus Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina" and Rickettsia belli in Amblyomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Northern Argentina. Exp Appl Acarol 2010; 52(1): 93-100.
(49) Pacheco RC, Moraes-Filho J, Nava S, Brandao PE, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. Detection of a novel spotted fever group rickettsia in Amblyomma parvum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Argentina. Exp Appl Acarol 2007; 43(1): 63-71.
(50) Sabatini GS, Pinter A, Nieri-Bastos FA, Marcili A, Labruna MB. Survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and their Rickettsia in Atlantic rain forest reserve in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2010; 47(5): 913-6.
(51) Ogrzewalska M, Pacheco R, Uezu A, Richtzenhain LJ, Ferreira F, Labruna MB. Rickettsial infection in Amblyomma nodosum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2009; 103(5): 413-25.
(2) Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D. Tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18(4): 719-56.
(3) Parola P, Davoust, B, Raoult, D. Tick- and flea-borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses. Vet Res 2005; 36(3): 469-92.
(4) Fournier PE, Raoult D. Bacteriology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Rickettsia. In: Raoult D, Parola P, eds. Rickettsial diseases. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2007: 1-13.
(5) Fournier PE, Roux V, Raoult D. Phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickettsiae by study of the outer surface protein rOmpA. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1998; 48(Pt 3): 839-49.
(6) Azad AF, Radulovic S, Higgins JA, Noden BH, Troyer MJ. Flea-borne rickettsiosis: ecologic considerations. Emerg Infect Dis 1997; 3(3): 319-27.
(7) Paddock CD, Eremeeva ME. Rickettsialpox. In: Raoult D, Parola P, eds. Rickettsial diseases. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2007: 63-86.
(8) Parola P, Raoult D. Tropical rickettsioses. Clin Dermatol 2006; 24(3): 191-200.
(9) Labruna MB. Ecology of Rickettsia in South America. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009; 1166: 156-66.
(10) García-García JC, Portillo A, Núñez MJ, Santibáñez S, Castro B, Oteo JA. A patient from Argentina infected with Rickettsia massiliae. Am J Trop Hyg 2010; 82(4): 691-2.
(11) Venzal JM, Pérez-Martínez L, Félix ML, Portillo A, Blanco JR, Oteo JA. Prevalence of Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis from Uruguay. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006; 1078: 305-8.
(12) Labruna MB, Ogrzewalska M, Moraes-Filho J, Lepe P, Gallegos JL, López J. Rickettsia felis in Chile. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(11): 1794-5.
(13) Nava S, Pérez-Martínez L, Venzal JM, Portillo A, Santibáñez S, Oteo JA. Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides felis from Argentina. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8(4): 465-6.
(14) Oliveira RP, Galvao MA, Mafra CL, Chamone CB, Calic SB, Silva SU, et al. Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides spp. fleas, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8(3): 317-9.
(15) Raoult D, La Scola B, Enea M, Fournier PE, Roux V, Fenollar F, et al. A flea-associated Rickettsia pathogenic for humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7(1): 73-81.
(16) Spolidorio MG, Labruna MB, Mantovani E, Brandao PE, Richtzenhain LJ, Yoshinari NH. Novel spotted fever group rickettsiosis, Brazil. Emerg Inf Dis 2010; 16(3): 521-3.
(17) Moraes-Filho J, Marcili A, Nieri-Bastos FA, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. Genetic analysis of ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group in Latin America. Acta Trop 2010; 117(1): 51-5.
(18) Moraes-Filho J, Pinter A, Pacheco RC, Gutmann TB, Barbosa SO, Gonzáles MA, et al. New epidemiological data on Brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonot Dis 2009; 9(1): 73-8.
(19) Parola P, Labruna MB, Raoult D. Tick-borne rickettsioses in America: unanswered questions and emerging diseases. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2009; 11(1): 40-50.
(20) Hidalgo M, Orejuela L, Fuya P, Carrillo P, Hernández J, Parra E, et al. Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(7): 1058-60.
(21) Paddock CD, Fernández S, Echenique GA, Sumner JW, Reeves WK, Zaki SR, et al. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78(4): 687-92.
(22) Chen LF, Sexton DJ. What's new in Rocky Mountain spotted fever? Infect Dis Clin North Am 2008; 22(3): 415-32.
(23) Díaz JS, Cataño JC. Fiebre manchada de las montañas rocosas: ni tan manchada ni tan montañosa como pensábamos. Infection 2010; 14(4): 264-76.
(24) Crocquet-Valdés PA, Díaz-Montero CM, Feng HM, Li H, Barrett AD, Walker DH. Immunization with a portion of rickettsial outer membrane protein A stimulates protective immunity against spotted fever rickettsiosis. Vaccine 2001; 20(5-6): 979-88.
(25) Heinzen RA. Rickettsial actin-based motility: behavior and involvement of cytoskeletal regulators. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 990: 535-47.
(26) Valbuena G. Fiebres que no deberían matar. Biomedica 2007; 27(3): 321-4.
(27) Kaplan JE, Schonberger LB. The sensitivity of various serologic tests in the diagnosisof Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1986; 35(4): 840-4.
(28) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF). Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf. Consulta: 15 abril 2011.
(29) Paddock CD, Sumner JW, Comer JA, Zaki SR, Goldsmith CS, Goddard J, et al. Rickettsia parkeri: a newly recognized cause of spotted fever rickettsiosis in the United States. Clin Infec Dis 2004; 38(6): 805-11.
(30) Parker RR, Kohls GM, Cox GW, Davis GE. Observations on an infectious agent from Amblyomma maculatum. Public Health Rep 1939; 54: 1482-4.
(31) Parker RR. A pathogenic rickettsia from the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. Proc Third Int Congress Microbiol New York; 1940: 390-1.
(32) Lackman DB, Bell EJ, Stoenner HG, Pickens EG. The Rocky Mountain spotted fever group of rickettsias. Health Lab Sci 1965; 2: 135-41.
(33) Sumner JW, Durden LA, Goddard J, Stromdahl EY, Clark K, Reeves WK, et al. Gulf coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) and Rickettsia parkeri, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(5): 751-3.
(34) Nava S, Elshenawy Y, Eremeeva ME, Sumner JW, Mastropaolo M, Paddock CD. Rickettsia parkeri in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14(12): 1894-7.
(35) Silveira I, Pacheco RC, Szabó MPJ, Ramos HGC, Labruna MB. Rickettsia parkeri in Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13(7): 1111-3.
(36) Venzal JM, Portillo A, Estrada-Peña A, Castro O, Cabrera PA, Oteo JA. Rickettsia parkeri in Amblyomma triste from Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10(8): 1493-5.
(37) Pacheco RC, Venzal JM, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. Rickettsia parkeri in Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12(11): 1804-5.
(38) Seijo A, Picollo M, Nicholson W, Paddock C. Fiebre manchada por rickettsias en el Delta del Paraná: una enfermedad emergente. Medicina (Buenos Aires) 2007; 67(6): 723-6.
(39) Conti-Díaz IA, Moraes-Filho J, Pacheco RC, Labruna, MB. Serological evidence of Rickettsia parkeri as etiological agent of rickettsiosis in Uruguay. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2009; 51(6): 337-9.
(40) Conti-Díaz IA, Rubio I, Somma Moreira RE, Pérez Bórmida G. Rickettsiosis cutáneo ganglionar por Rickettsia conorii en el Uruguay. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1990; 32(5): 313-8.
(41) Conti-Díaz IA. Rickettsiosis por Rickettsia conorii (fiebre botonosa del Mediterráneo o fiebre de Marsella): estado actual en Uruguay. Rev Méd Urug 2001; 17(2): 119-24.
(42) Venzal JM, Estrada-Peña A, Castro O, de Souza CG, Félix M, Nava S, et al. Amblyomma triste Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae): hosts and seasonality of the vector of Rickettsia parkeri in Uruguay. Vet Parasitol 2008; 155(1-2): 104-9.
(43) Nava S, Mangold AJ, Mastropaolo M, Venzal JM, Fracassi N, Guglielmone AA. Seasonal dynamics and hosts of Amblyomma triste (Acari: Ixodidae) in Argentina. Vet Parasitol 2011 [en prensa].
(44) Matsumoto K, Ogawa M, Brouqui P, Raoult D, Parola P. Transmission of Rickettsia massiliae in the tick, Rhipicephalus turanicus. Med Vet Entomol 2005; 19(3): 263-70.
(45) Vitale G, Mansuelo S, Rolain JM, Raoult D. Rickettsia massiliae human isolation. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12(1): 174-5.
(46) Cicuttin GL, Rodríguez Vargas M, Jado I, Anda, P. Primera detección de Rickettsia massiliae en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: resultados preliminares. Rev Argent Zoonosis 2004; 1: 8-10.
(47) Labruna MB, Pacheco RC, Nava S, Brandao PE, Richtzenhain LJ, Guglielmone AA. Infection by Rickettsia bellii and "Rickettsia amblyommii" in Amblyomma neumanni ticks from Argentina. Microb Ecol 2007; 54(1): 126-33.
(48) Tomassone L, Núñez P, Ceballos LA, Gürtler RE, Kitron U, Farber M. Detection of "Candidatus Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina" and Rickettsia belli in Amblyomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Northern Argentina. Exp Appl Acarol 2010; 52(1): 93-100.
(49) Pacheco RC, Moraes-Filho J, Nava S, Brandao PE, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. Detection of a novel spotted fever group rickettsia in Amblyomma parvum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Argentina. Exp Appl Acarol 2007; 43(1): 63-71.
(50) Sabatini GS, Pinter A, Nieri-Bastos FA, Marcili A, Labruna MB. Survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and their Rickettsia in Atlantic rain forest reserve in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2010; 47(5): 913-6.
(51) Ogrzewalska M, Pacheco R, Uezu A, Richtzenhain LJ, Ferreira F, Labruna MB. Rickettsial infection in Amblyomma nodosum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2009; 103(5): 413-25.
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2011-06-30
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Venzal JM, Nava S. Rickettsia genuss as a zoonosis agent in the South American Southern Cone. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 2011 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];27(2):98-106. Available from: https://revista.rmu.org.uy/index.php/rmu/article/view/396
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