El ejercicio y el síndrome metabólico

Autores/as

  • Manuel Ángel Ramírez España. Universidad Cádiz, Escuela Medicina del Deporte. Profesor
  • Jesús María Rosety España, Cádiz. Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Investigador
  • Juan Marcos-Becerro España, Instituto de Longevidad y Salud. Presidente
  • Ignacio Rosety España. Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento Anatomía. Profesor Contratado-Doctor
  • Francisco Ordóñez España. Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento Anatomía. Profesor Titular de Anatomía
  • Manuel Rosety-Rodríguez España. Universidad Cádiz, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento Medicina. Profesor Titular de Medicina
  • María Rodríguez-Pareja España, Cádiz. Hospital Universitario de Jerez. Investigadora
  • Miguel Ángel Rosety España. Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento Anatomía Humana. Profesor Asociado

Palabras clave:

SÍNDROME X METABÓLICO, EJERCICIO

Resumen

El síndrome metabólico (SM) será la pandemia del siglo XXI. En Europa y en las Américas la prevalencia de obesidad alcanza a 17% de la población que padece SM, duplicándose el riesgo de ASCVD (enfermedad aterosclérotica cerebrovascular). Se debe priorizar la reversión de la obesidad y de la inactividad física. El SM se presenta como una secuencia de alteraciones metabólicas e inflamatorias a nivel molecular, celular o hemodinámico, compartiendo la resistencia a la insulina y la adiposidad de predominio abdominal. La asociación SM y nuevos factores de riesgo independientes como la homocisteína plasmática (HC) y la proteína C reactiva (PCR), son considerados como predictores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Entre los componentes del SM de mayor relevancia actualmente debe considerarse el estrés oxidativo y la influencia del ejercicio físico. La obesidad central o abdominal es un importante elemento diagnóstico del SM, estrechamente relacionada con enfermedades cardiovasculares, no existiendo una clara y directa relación con cardiopatías isquémicas, siendo la edad un factor ligado a la relación entre SM y cardiopatías, llegando a 86% en mujeres de edad avanzada. El valor del riesgo cardiovascular es variable y depende de los factores de riesgo específico. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar los beneficios que nos puede proporcionar el ejercicio físico frente al SM y, como consecuencia, reducir el riesgo de alteraciones vasculares, especialmente cardíacas. Los apartados utilizados en esta revisión son los relacionados con componentes fundamentales como obesidad abdominal, alteración del metabolismo glucídico, dislipidemia e hipertensión, además de aquellos implicados como factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares como inflamación sistémica y estado protrombótico.

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2012-12-31

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1.
Ramírez M Ángel, Rosety JM, Marcos-Becerro J, Rosety I, Ordóñez F, Rosety-Rodríguez M, et al. El ejercicio y el síndrome metabólico. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 31 de diciembre de 2012 [citado 13 de diciembre de 2024];28(4):309-16. Disponible en: https://revista.rmu.org.uy/index.php/rmu/article/view/329

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