Trastornos respiratorios del sueño
Guías clínicas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento
Palabras clave:
TRASTORNOS RESPIRATORIOS, TRASTORNOS DEL SUEÑO-VIGILIAResumen
La medicina ha descubierto la importancia del sueño y las consecuencias de sus trastornos que pueden derivar en serias afecciones médicas y psiquiátricas que afectan a todas las personas que los padecen. El desarrollo de la medicina del sueño ha sido explosivo en los últimos años, si tenemos en cuenta que hace solo 60 años que se descubrió la fase del sueño REM (rapid eye movement) y 25 que se comenzó a tratar con CPAP (continuouos positive airway pressure) a las apneas obstructivas del sueño. Actualmente se pueden describir aproximadamente 90 tipos de trastornos del sueño, requiriendo cada uno medidas específicas. Este es un problema de salud que afecta a millones de personas. Siempre que el diagnóstico sea oportuno y adecuado, son posibles excelentes medidas terapéuticas.
Hay un alto porcentaje de pacientes portadores de estos trastornos del sueño que no han sido diagnosticados y esto representa un enorme costo para el sistema de salud, que debe hacerse cargo de las complicaciones derivadas de la falta de tratamiento (eventos cardiovasculares, accidentes de tránsito, ausentismo laboral).
Como queda de manifiesto en estas Guías Clínicas, los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) convocan a varias disciplinas médicas que deben integrar el equipo de diagnóstico y tratamiento (neurólogo, endocrinólogo, cardiólogo), ya que son muy diversos los abordajes y los perjuicios que se producen en el paciente individual.
En los últimos años se ha popularizado la difusión de guías de diagnóstico y tratamiento para la mayoría de las enfermedades. Las Guías Clínicas son recomendaciones dirigidas en general al médico no especialista y a pacientes, para la correcta toma de decisiones sobre las buenas prácticas clínicas en las diversas circunstancias que cada enfermedad puede presentar. Los clínicos, las autoridades sanitarias y los prestadores de salud consideran a las guías como instrumentos para hacer el diagnóstico y los tratamientos más eficaces, y para cerrar la brecha entre lo que hacen los clínicos y lo que la evidencia clínica avala.
Estas primeras Guías Clínicas uruguayas sobre los Trastornos Respiratorios del Sueño seguramente cumplirán con estos objetivos y como resultado tendrán el beneficio de reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad de nuestra población mejorando su calidad de vida relacionada a la salud.
Prof. Dr. Luis Piñeyro Director del Instituto del Tórax
Citas
Referencias ordenadas por capítulos
Unidades de Sueño
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Tratamiento del SAHOS
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Síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad
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Hipoventilación alveolar progresiva en los trastornos neuro-músculo-esqueléticos
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Respiración periódica de Cheyne Stokes-Apneas centrales en la insuficiencia cardíaca
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Síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad
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Hipoxemia e hipercapnia durante el sueño en EPOC
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Hipoventilación alveolar progresiva en los trastornos neuro-músculo-esqueléticos
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2012-12-31
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1.
Arcos JP, López V, Musetti A, Mamchur M, Gutiérrez M, Otaño N, et al. Trastornos respiratorios del sueño: Guías clínicas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Rev. Méd. Urug. [Internet]. 31 de diciembre de 2012 [citado 22 de diciembre de 2024];28(4):274-308. Disponible en: https://revista.rmu.org.uy/index.php/rmu/article/view/328
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